Introduction

Metals are chemical elements that generally exhibit good electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility (malleability) and hardness. They are generally characterized by a regular arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice and by loosely bound electrons in the outer electron shell, which gives them their characteristic properties.

In engineering applications, metals are often used for their strength and durability. They are used in the construction of buildings, bridges, automobiles and other structures. They are also used in electronic devices, tools and machines.

Metals are also used in electrical engineering and electronics because they are good electrical conductors. They are used in power lines, switches and other electrical components. In medical technology, metals are used to make implants and other medical devices.

Metals can also be shaped by melting and casting. This allows for the production of complex shapes and sizes. Metallurgy is the science and technology of melting, casting, alloying, and forming metals.

In forging, metals are shaped by hammering and pressing.

Metals can also be refined by alloying with other metals or nonmetals to improve certain properties such as hardness, strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance.

In summary, from a technical point of view, metals are very versatile materials that can be used in many areas and can be adapted to specific requirements through alloying and machining processes.